Transistors

• BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor): Controlled by current. Common types are NPN and PNP. Used for switching and amplification.
• MOSFET (Metal-Oxide Semiconductor FET): Controlled by voltage. Very efficient and widely used in modern electronics.
• JFET (Junction FET): Voltage-controlled like MOSFETs, but older and simpler.
• IGBT: Used in high-power applications such as motor controllers and inverters.

Ganancia de Corriente (BJT)

β = Ic / Ib

Donde: β = Ganancia, Ic = Corriente colector, Ib = Corriente base

• Current Gain (β or hFE): Shows how much the transistor amplifies current.
• Maximum Voltage: The highest voltage the transistor can handle safely.
• Maximum Current: The maximum current allowed through the collector or drain.
• Power Rating: The maximum power the transistor can dissipate without damage.
• Switching Speed: How fast the transistor can turn on and off.

• Acts as a Switch or Amplifier: It can turn signals on and off or make weak signals stronger.
• Three Terminals: Base–Collector–Emitter (BJT) or Gate–Drain–Source (MOSFET).
• Small Control Signal: A small current or voltage can control a much larger one.
• Fast Operation: Works very quickly, even at high frequencies.
• Heat Sensitive: Produces heat and sometimes needs a heatsink.

• Signal Amplification: Used in speakers, microphones, radios, and phone audio circuits to make weak signals louder.
• Electronic Switching: Turns devices ON and OFF in computers, microcontrollers, and digital circuits.
• Power Control: Controls motors, LEDs, and power supplies by regulating current and voltage.
• Computers and Smartphones: Millions of transistors form processors and memory chips.
• Timing and Oscillators: Used in clocks, signal generators, and communication systems.